Vietnam Development Report 2019 : Connecting Vietnam for Growth and Shared Prosperity

World Bank Group

Hanoi:Hong Duc Publishing

关键词: ECONOMIC GROWTH;    SHARED PROSPERITY;    CONNECTIVITY;    DEVELOPMENT AGENDA;    REGIONAL INTEGRATION;   

RP-ID  :  142177

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

Globally, Vietnam is among the most openeconomies with a trade-to-GDP ratio of 190 percent in 2018.Through the removal of both tariff and non-tariff barriersand fulfilling its commitment in several regional tradeagreements, the country has made remarkable achievements intrade liberalization. Vietnam’s major trade partners locatedin East Asia, North America, and Europe are reached mostlyby sea or air. Trade with bordering neighbors is limited andthus trade across border-crossing points is minimal exceptfor northern borders with China, which has seen growth inrecent years. The country’s trade flows are concentrated attwelve of its 48 border gates—two airports, five seaportsand five border crossing points—which collectively handled86 percent of total trade value in 2016.1 As the tradegrows, congestion at and near these international gatewaysand border-crossing points has also increased. In additionto the current major trade partners, various regional traderelations and connectivity initiatives are relevant toVietnam, including with Southeast Asian neighbors, and SouthAsia—particularly India—over land, given the rapidly growingtrade relationships. In the meantime, Vietnam’s transportnetwork has undergone a significant expansion over the pastdecades. The most remarkable development in networkexpansion has occurred in the road sector. As of 2016 thetotal length of the road network, excluding village roads,reached over 300,000 km, including about 1,000 km ofexpressways—a fully access-controlled toll road system.Vietnam is endowed with an extensive network of naturalwaterways, including nearly 16,000 km of managed navigableroutes carrying significant traffic around the Red RiverDelta and Mekong Delta areas. However, only about 2,600 kmof the waterways can reliably handle barges greater than 300deadweight tons, with rudimentary terminal infrastructure atmost of its numerous river ports. Vietnam's century-oldrailway system is mostly single-tracked and non-electrified,which has remained unchanged over the past decades with verylimited capital investments