Solid Ground : Increasing Community Resilience Through Improved Land Administration and Geospatial Information Systems

World Bank

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: LAND USE;    GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS;    DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT;    LAND ADMINISTRATION;    GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM;   

RP-ID  :  148272

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

Countries struck by equally powerfuldisaster events are affected differently in terms ofthedevastation caused, the number of casualties, personsdisplaced, impact on livelihoods, andthe pace ofreconstruction and recovery. Some communities, cities, andpopulations proveto be more resilient than others when facedwith disasters. The ability of land and people-to-landrelationships to recover after hazard events requiresreliable administration systems and authoritative geospatialinformation. Land administration systems provide security oftenure; control inappropriate land uses; ensure safeconstruction of buildings and infrastructure; and undertakeland valuation for finance, taxation, and compensation.Underpinning effective land administration is accurategeospatial information. An authoritative geospatialinformation system comprises a series of fundamentaldatabases including addresses, buildings, settlements,elevation and depth, functional areas, geographical names,geology and soils, land cover and land use, landparcels,orthoimagery, physical infrastructure, populationdistribution, transport and utilitynetworks, water, and ageographic reference framework. Land administration systemsand geospatial information play key roles in the planning,monitoring, and implementation of responses before, during,and after disasters. With disaster events around the worldincreasing in frequency and severity, better access to landand geospatial information is critical to disaster riskmanagement activities, from disaster preparedness and riskmitigation through recovery and reconstruction.Several keyinitiatives aimed at building resilience to disasters haveemerged in recentdecades, including the 2030 Agenda forSustainable Development, the Hyogo Frameworkfor Action, andthe Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. TheIntegrated GeospatialInformation Framework (IGIF), releasedby the UN and the World Bank, complements theHyogo andSendai agendas calling for globally coordinated actions innew geospatial dataacquisition and integration. These globalinitiatives highlight the positive effects thateffectiveland administration and geospatial information systems can have.