Fragility, conflict and violence (FCV)pose a major challenge for development and for reaching theBank Group’s twin goals. Enabling appropriate private sectoractivities can be a means to break free of the fragilitytrap by supporting economic growth, promoting localemployment and income earning opportunities, generatinggovernment revenues, and delivering goods and services.However, the private sector faces substantial constraints infragile and conflict-affected situations (FCS). This reporttakes stock of available evidence regarding theeffectiveness of IFC’s support in FCS. It aims to informIFC’s strategy in FCS as IFC seeks to scale up itsactivities in FCS as part of its commitments under theCapital Increase Package, and to provide inputs for the BankGroup’s Fragility, Conflict and Violence (FCV) strategycurrently being developed.