This report describes enrollment intothe cohorts for protocol 1 for the Evaluation of theNational Adherence Guidelines for Chronic Diseases in SouthAfrica Using Routinely Collected Data. The study isevaluating short-term and long-term effects of fiveinterventions being implemented by the National Departmentof Health (NDoH) in South Africa to improve adherence to HIVcare and chronic disease care in general: Fast trackinitiation counselling, decentralized medicine delivery,adherence clubs, early patient tracing and enhancedadherence counselling. The study uses a randomizedevaluation design to compare sites where the interventionwas rolled out with control sites providing standard ofcare. Enrollment began in June 2016 and was uneven in timeand by province, as expected in a process using routine dataand relying on programmatic implementation. Enrollment ofHIV clients into cohorts will enable the NDoH to understandthe short-term and long-term impacts of interventions toimprove HIV treatment initiation, adherence and retention in care.