This report is the result of acollaboration between the United Nations High Commissionerfor Refugees (UNHCR) and the Poverty and Equity GlobalPractice of the World Bank Group (WBG). Repatriation or thereturn of refugees to their country of origin has beenrarely studied, and data on their socio-economic outcomes issparsely available. In such a context, the World Bank andUNHCR teams attempted to make good use of the existing datasources and complemented it with new data collection methodsto better understand the patterns and characteristics ofrecent Afghan refugee returns. More specifically, the teamattempted to analytically connect insights between differentdata sources to explore (albeit imperfectly) questions ofselection among Afghans who remained in Pakistan and thosedocumented returnees who returned to Afghanistan.