Pakistan’s migration system is limitedin its capacity to reduce risks and protect workersthroughout the migration process. The emigration ordinanceand rules, established in 1979 (and updated later), providea legal and institutional foundation for migration, butsignificant efforts are required in their implementation andenforcement. This report reviews Pakistan’s migration systemfrom the perspective of both governance and also themigrants themselves. It is organized as follows: Chapter 2assesses Pakistan’s current migration management system,including its institutional and legal arrangements as wellas the functioning of the recruitment markets. Chapter 3provides an overview of a typical Pakistani migrant’sjourney by walking through the various stages of migrationand the expected risks and benefits that influence decisions(and, consequently, outcomes). Chapter 4 draws on globalevidence to propose unilateral and bilateral initiatives andpolicy recommendations that promise to promote safe,inclusive, and productive migration from Pakistan and tomaximize its development impact. Chapter 5 concludes the report.
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