The Lao PDR sits at the intersection offour critical ecoregions and is home to some of the world’sbiologically richest and most endangered terrestrial andaquatic ecosystems and species. The biodiversity endowmentis crucial to the Lao economy, as the goods and ecosystemservices it provides are essential to reduce poverty, securelivelihoods, and drive a greener economic growth model. ButLao biodiversity is in danger. The highest priority threatsto the country’s biodiversity values include climate change,illegal logging, the illegal wildlife trade, infrastructuredevelopment in and around protected areas, and expansion ofagriculture and settlements. This World Bank report outlineskey challenges and priority actions to ameliorate the mainthreats to biodiversity and to sustainably utilize thebiodiversity assets to help drive Lao PDR’s green economy.