Serbia spends relatively large amountson state aid programs, many of which will have to be phasedout or restructured to comply with EU laws. There is room torestructure the existing programs to target activities thathave more growth and job dividends; for example, bytargeting startups and innovating firms and phasing outsupport for ailing industries, state-owned enterprises, andlarge or old private domestic firms. Although Serbia’sprogram to attract foreign direct investment has helpedcreate new jobs, the focus should now shift to instrumentsthat facilitate technology spillovers and domestic linkages.Finally, improving the scope and quality of data collectionwill contribute to better monitoring and more efficienttargeting. The sooner Serbia starts to adjust its state aidprograms, the larger the economic and fiscal benefits will be.