Over the last decade, research from manydifferent countries has demonstrated the important roleplayed by teachers in improving students' learning andincreasing their competencies. Studies from countries asdifferent as the US and Indonesia have shown the enormousbenefits that follow from having adequate and effectiveteachers working in a country's schools. In Indonesia,a value-added analysis of student learning outcomes foundthat the more teachers know, the greater the improvements inthe learning competencies of primary and junior secondarystudents. In the US, better teaching in elementary andsecondary schools has been shown to increase students'college participation rates, raise their subsequentearnings, and improve other long-term outcomes.