Social enterprises (SEs) are defined asprivate organizations that use business approaches toachieve social, environmental and economic outcomes. Thenumber of SEs providing social services has grown rapidlyacross the world, and is reaching sizeable populations. Thisnote is prepared at the request of the Ministry of Finance(MoF) of Russian Federation to support drafting andimplementation of new law on outsourcing municipal socialservices. The note is part of the technical assistanceprovided to the Ministry of Finance (MoF). This noteexplores various policy options for engaging socialenterprises as services providers and creation of acompetitive market for service provision in Russia. Inparticular, the MoF expressed interest to learn fromexamples of Canada, Germany, France, Sweden, United Kingdom(UK) and United States (US).