Dynamics of Child Development : Analysis of a Longitudinal Cohort in a Very Low Income Country

Galasso, Emanuela ; Weber, Ann ; Fernald, Lia C.H.

Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the World Bank

关键词: CHILD DEVELOPMENT;    NUTRITION;    SOCIOECONOMIC GRADIENTS;    INEQUALITY;    COGNITION;   

DOI  :  10.1093/wber/lhw065

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

Longitudinal patterns of child development and socioeconomic status are described for a cohort of children in Madagascar surveyed when 3–6 and 7–10 years old. Substantial wealth gradients were found across multiple domains: receptive vocabulary, cognition, sustained attention, and working memory. The results are robust to the inclusion of lagged outcomes, maternal endowments, measures of child health, and home stimulation. Wealth gradients are significant at ages 3–4, widen with age, and flatten out by ages 9–10. For vocabulary and sustained attention, the gradient grows steadily between ages three and six; for cognitive composite and memory of phrases, the gradient widens later (ages 7–8) before flattening out. These gaps in cognitive outcomes translate into equally sizeable gaps in learning outcomes. 12–18% of the predicted gap in early outcomes is accounted for by differences in home stimulation, even after controlling for maternal education and endowments.