Capital account liberalization, it isfair to say, remains one of the most controversial and leastunderstood policies of our day. One reason is that differenttheoretical perspectives have very different implicationsfor the desirability of liberalizing capital flows. Anotheris that empirical analysis has failed to yield conclusiveresults. The answer, another influential strand of thoughtcontends, is that this efficient-markets paradigm isfundamentally misleading when applied to capital flows.Limits on capital movements are a distortion. It is animplication of the theory of the second best that removingone distortion need not be welfare enhancing when otherdistortions are present.