How Effective Are Active Labor Market Policies in Developing Countries? A Critical Review of Recent Evidence

McKenzie, David

Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the World Bank

关键词: LABOR MARKET;    LABOR POLICY;    LABOR REGULATION;    VOCATIONAL TRAINING;    WAGE SUBSIDY;   

DOI  :  10.1093/wbro/lkx001

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

Jobs are the primary policy concern of policymakers in many countries. The 2007–2008 global financial crisis, rising demographic pressures, high unemployment rates, and concerns over automation all make it seem imperative that policymakers employ increasingly more active labor market policies. This paper critically examines recent evaluations of labor market policies that have provided vocational training, wage subsidies, job search assistance, and assistance moving to argue that many active labor market policies are much less effective than policymakers typically assume. Many of these evaluations find no significant impacts on either employment or earnings. One reason is that urban labor markets appear to work reasonably well in many cases, with fewer market failures than is often thought. As a result, there is less of a role for many traditional active labor market policies than is common practice. The review discusses examples of job-creation policies that do seem to offer promise, and concludes with lessons for impact evaluation and policy is this area.