Contextual Design and Promotion of Clean Biomass Stoves : The Case of the Indonesia Clean Stove Initiative

Durix, Laurent ; Carlsson Rex, Helene ; Mendizabal, Veronica

World Bank, Washington, DC

关键词: biomass energy;    clean stove initiative;    climate change;    household pollution;    LPG;   

RP-ID  :  108734

学科分类：社会科学、人文和艺术（综合）

来源: World Bank Open Knowledge Repository

【 摘 要 】

In 2012, five years after the start ofIndonesia’s campaign to convert millions of households toliquefied petroleum gas (LPG), the Indonesia Clean StoveInitiative (CSI) was launched by the country’s Ministry ofEnergy and Mineral Resources and the World Bank. All newtechnologies, including sustainable energy solutions, areintroduced into a social context that affects how readilythey will be adopted and how theywill be used. This briefdescribes experience integrating technical and socialaspects of clean cook stoves in Indonesia and lessonslearned in embracing complexity and facing realities inthefield. The Indonesia CSI originally aimed at completereplacement of the traditional (baseline) stove and focusedon wood-only users, following the conventional wisdom at thetime that clean technologiesdescribed in the internationalliterature on clean cooking, remainedpartly valid, othersalient factors added complexity to the situationand posedmore fundamental challenges: (i) cooking is not a standardtask; (ii) LPG users and wood users are more similar thanonemight think; (iii) biomass stove performance is contextvariable; (iv) cooks are clearly aware of the negativeeffects of smoke; (v) gender relations have to be taken intoaccount; The Indonesia CSI was supported by a teamof socialscientists thatincluded a sociologist,an anthropologist, andastatistician coordinatedby a senior social developmentspecialist to bring context back to the core of the proposedactions. The key lessons from the analysis are as follows:(i) Women, who represent 96 percent of stove users,wantdirect, immediate, and concrete benefits from newstoves;(ii) A complex segmentation of fuel use appears, in whichcooking tasks complement fuel availability and income askeyvariables; Indonesian cooks first want a stove that does thejob: powerful, fast, and easy to ignite and operate. Butdurability, efficiency,and comfort during use also matter.Half of the households in Central Java use both wood andLPG, often for different cooking tasks and at differenttimes of day.