Educating children is a priority acrossthe globe, but developing countries can face enormouschallenges. In Pakistans Sindh province, only about half ofprimary school age children go to school, making education apriority for the Sindh government. Through the InternationalDevelopment Association (IDA), the World Banks fund for thepoorest, the Sindh government received assistance to developand implement its Sindh education sector reform program toraise enrollment, improve student achievement, and reducesocial disparities in education by improving schoolperformance through more accountability and bettergovernance. This included a program offering cash subsidiesto private entrepreneurs to provide free, co-educationalprimary schools in villages in remote areas without localschools. To measure the effect, an impact evaluation wasbuilt into this program. The evaluation found that boys andgirls in villages that received program-supported privateschools were more likely to be in school and they did betteron tests than children in villages without such schools.This Evidence to Policy note was jointly produced by theWorld Bank Group, the Strategic Impact Evaluation Fund(SIEF), and the British governments Department forInternational Development.