This brief provides an introduction tothe issue of citizen engagement (CE) as well as the pilotingof the agenda in the Banks Middle East and North Africa(MNA) region. The objective is to develop sustainablecountry systems for CE. It includes participation ofcitizens in all spheres of development, whether the makingof policies and decisions that affect citizens, theformulation and execution of budgets, or delivery of publicservices. At the policy, program, and project level, CE workincludes strengthening government-citizen interaction andresults through citizen-beneficiary consultation,participation, and collaboration in all aspects of projects,programs, or policies. As part of its new strategy, theWorld Bank Group (WBG) has committed to mainstreaming CE incountry engagements and operations to achieve improveddevelopment results through participatory planning,management and monitoring, participatory budgeting, andgrievance mechanisms. Citizen movements globally and in MNAhave mobilized to demand greater voice and participation indecisions affecting their lives in places where they are notheard or given opportunities to engage. CE brings dividendsat the national and subnational, as well as project levels.The WBG is developing a strategy to scale up the use of CEprinciples, mechanisms, and processes in its engagement withnon-state actors, as well as with government counterparts.