Transport was not part of the millenniumdevelopment goals (MDGs) for 2000-15, which were adopted atthe United Nations in September 2000. The omission waswidely viewed in the transport community as a missedopportunity to use the strong linkage between transport andeconomic development to advance the attainment of the MDGs.Now a new 15-year development framework, the sustainabledevelopment goals (SDGs) for 2015-30, are about to beendorsed at the United Nations summit to be held September25-27, 2015. This time, transport will be part of theframework as a key contributor to sustainable development.The SDGs comprise 17 goals and 169 targets; five of thosetargets directly involve transport, and attaining at leastanother six will critically depend on it. But efforts toinfluence the post-2015 development agenda will go on afterthe summit because the question of what indicators will beused to measure success is yet to be resolved. Attention inthe transport community must now pivot toward that questionto assure the selection of the most effective measures.