This HNP knowledge brief focuses on thekey findings of the World Bank case study entitled‘verification of performance in Results-Based Financing(RBF): the case of Panama’s health protection for vulnerablepopulations program (PSPV)’ (2014). The case study covers2011 and 2012 and concentrates its analysis on data stemmingfrom two sources: quarterly reports produced during theverification process, and interviews conducted withstakeholders involved in the implementation of the PSPV program.