The report’s main objective is to trackdevelopment outcomes for three select groups - scheduledtribes (STs), scheduled castes (SCs), and women - that havetraditionally faced exclusion in India. It asks thequestion: how did these groups fare over a period of rapidgrowth in India, primarily in the nineties; and were theyable to break through the historically grounded inequalitiesthat have kept entire generations among them trapped or didtraps trump opportunities? It focuses on exclusion alongthree spheres - services, markets, and voice and agency.Within these too, the attempt is to highlight a few selectissues that offer new insights. The report draws both onnational data (national sample surveys (NSS) and nationalfamily health surveys (NFHS)) as well as qualitative workfor its evidence, relying more on the latter to probeheterogeneity within states and groups and incipientprocesses that result in exclusion.