This note, prepared by the World BankFood and Agriculture Global Practice ahead of the 24thConference of the Parties to the United Nations FrameworkConvention on Climate Change examines the case forrealigning agriculture support to promote climate-smartagriculture. From 2015 to 2017, the group of 51 countriesanalyzed provided approximately 570 billion US dollarsannually in public support for agricultural producers,according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation andDevelopment (OECD). Distortionary agricultural subsidiesoften result in large negative impacts, worsening ratherthan improving climate outcomes. Significant opportunitiesexist to realign public support to deliver public-goodoutcomes and, in particular, promote climate-smartagriculture (CSA).