An impressive array of highlights is included in this Activity Report to illustrate this extraordinary productivity and its impact to science, technology, and society. For example, one user group investigated new materials for use in lithium-ion batteries, the most common type of battery found in portable electronics and the most promising type for hybrid cars. Another user group determined the atomic crystal structure and functional mechanism of an enzyme essential for eliminating unwanted, non-nutritional compounds such as drugs, industrial chemicals, and toxic compounds from the body. And in yet another interesting study, NSLS staff and users made improvements to microbeam radiation therapy, an experimental form of radiation therapy that has been under investigation for many years.