The Mesabi Nugget Project is a large pilot-scale program completed to demonstrate the ITmk3(reg-sign) Process developed and owned by Kobe Steel, Ltd of Japan. The ITmk3(reg-sign) Process is a new ironmaking technology that uses a rotary hearth furnace to turn iron ore fines and pulverized coal into iron nuggets of similar quality as blast furnace pig iron. The Mesabi Nugget Research Project is a part of this larger program to design/permit/construct a pilot plant, operate the pilot plant, design and permit a first of its kind commercial plant, and then constructktattoperate such a commercial plant. The pilot plant operation step is the subject of this award. A pilot demonstration plant has been assembled at a site in Silver Bay, MN. The Mesabi Nugget Research Project (this award) consisted of the operation of the pilot plant to demonstrate and optimize the new ironmaking technology to confirm the benefits of the process. This was a two-year project with the award recipient, Mesabi Nugget, LLC. The objectives of the Mesabi Nugget Research Project were to: (1) Demonstrate the commercial readiness of the ITmk(reg-sign) Process; (2) Measure the environmental emissions and impacts of the iron nugget process and determine related control solutions; (3) Qualify and test the iron nugget product in a modern EAF steel making melt shop; and (4) Assess a variety of raw materials and process conditions to determine optimal conditions for operation of the iron nugget process with respect to future commercial operations.