Energy Demands on Water Resources. Report to Congress on the Interdependency of Energy and Water.

Technical Information Center Oak Ridge Tennessee

关键词: Energy demand;    Water resources;    Energy conumption;    Ground water;    Surface water;   

RP-ID  :  PB2011103657

学科分类：工程和技术（综合）

美国|英语

来源: National Technical Reports Library

【 摘 要 】

Water is an integral element of energy resource development and utilization. It is used in energy-resource extraction, refining and processing, and transportation. Water is also an integral part of electric-power generation. It is used directly in hydroelectric generation and is also used extensively for cooling and emissions scrubbing in thermoelectric generation. For example, in calendar year 2000, thermoelectric power generation accounted for 39 percent of all freshwater withdrawals in the U.S., roughly equivalent to water withdrawals for irrigated agriculture (withdrawals are water diverted or withdrawn from a surface-water or groundwater source).