The first task was completed by all participants in consultation with DOE. The next two tasks, which are largely data collection, analysis, and synthesis, have been integrated into the MARKAL model to improve its global representation of biofuels. ORNL was responsible for the completion of Task 2; NREL was responsible for Task 3; and BNL was responsible for the MARKAL model integration, Task 4. The time frame for the study is designed to coincide with the Presidents 20 in 10 initiative and thus will be focused on two periods what can be produced in 5 years and 10 years. The study also considers a longer-term period of 20 years in which barriers, constraints, and study assumptions (e.g., crop yields) can be somewhat more relaxed. The longer time period allows consideration of scenarios more comparable to the joint DOE-USDA billion-ton assessment. The NREL effort focused on the conversion technologies for ethanol from starch and sugar, lignocellulosic ethanol, biodiesel, and residual fuel oil via pyrolysis; conversion scale-up and infrastructure requirements, and estimated costs of biofuels in the context of conventional fuels and financial operating conditions.
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