We present a self-contained review of the Plane-wave/super-Yang-Mills duality, which states that strings on a plane-wave background are dual to a particular large R-charge sector of N = 4, D = 4 superconformal U(N) gauge theory. This duality is a specification of the usual AdS/CFT correspondence in the Penrose limit. The Penrose limit of AdS(sub 5) x S(sub 5) leads to the maximally supersymmetric ten dimensional plane-wave (henceforth the plane-wave) and corresponds to restricting to the large R-charge sector, the BMN sector, of the dual superconformal field theory. After assembling the necessary background knowledge, we state the duality and review some of its supporting evidence.