In the Spring of 2001, the National Research Council published 'Disposition of High-Level Waste and Spent Nuclear Fuel: The Continuing Societal and Technical Challenges.' (1) While finding the technical case for deep geologic disposal of high-level waste and spent fuel robust, the report focused new attention on societal issues and decision-making. The report appeared against a backdrop of heightened controversy about the development of a geologic repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. This paper identifies three principal reasons for the National Research Council committee's finding that 'Difficulties in achieving public support have been seriously underestimated in the past, and opportunities to gain public trust have been missed.'