Concentration of enteric virus from raw wastewater and treated effluent with silica beads

Microbiology not elsewhere classified

Sidhu, Jatinder ; Toze, Simon

Urban Water Security Research Alliance

RP-ID  :  EP121216

学科分类：地球科学(综合)

澳大利亚|英语

来源: CSIRO Research Publications Repository

【 摘 要 】

The detection of enteric viruses from recycled water is hampered by the need to concentrate low numbers of viruses from large volumes of water.A number of virus concentration methods such as ultrafiltration, virus capture and release on glass wool, positively charged membranes and negatively charged membranes have been developed.However, most of the methods are developed to detect viruses from potable quality water but provide low recovery rates of viruses from low quality water, such as primary and treated effluent due to the presence of particulate matter, organics and other contaminants.The aim of study was to develop a simple, efficient and inexpensive virus concentration method that can efficiently capture viruses in low quality water.Initially, experiments were conducted with negatively charged filters, polystyrene beads and silica beads to compares their ability to capture enteric virus from tap water.Negatively charged HA type filters (1cm square) were found to result in a 16-18% recovery efficiency whereas, polystyrene beads resulted in 2% recovery rate of seeded adenovirus and coxsackievirus.Adenovirus and coxsackievirus recovery rates of 26 and 29% were observed for with non-modified silica beads (SiO2) in the presence of MgCl2.Subsequently, silica beads were used as packing material in a glass column to capture viruses from primary and secondary treated wastewater.At the column scale, coxsackievirus recovery rates of 18 and 26% were observed for primary and secondary treated effluent in the presence of MgCl2.The use of amino-functionalised, (N-3-(trimethoxysilylpropyl) diethylenetriamine) silica beads was tried to determine if the capture of viruses could be enhanced.The resulting recovery rate however, was lower than the MgCl2 based method.The observed adenovirus recovery rate using the diethylenetriamine from the primary and secondary wastewater was up to 14.62%.In comparison, slightly better recovery rate for coxsackievirus (16-28%) was observed from the secondary treated effluent.Pre-conditioning of the water samples with HCl (to pH 3) followed by capture on silica beads appears to be the most promising method for capture and release of virus from primary and secondary treated wastewater with recovery rates of around 40-50%.The virus capture and release mechanism appears to work better with coarse silica beads (60-100 mesh size) as compared to fine silica (3-6 mesh size) possibly due to less interference of particulate matter from the primary effluent.Acidification of samples is a relatively easier and less time consuming approach compared to the use of Amino-functionalised silica with the added benefit of better virus recovery rates.Further research works is required to validate virus capture and release approach with different quantity of packing silica, flow rates, types of water and different virus types.