Carbonless Transportation and Energy Storage in Future Energy Systems

Lamont, A.D. ; Berry, G.D.

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

关键词: Efficiency;    Biomass;    Energy Sources;    Economic Development;    Standard Of Living;   

DOI  :  10.2172/792733
RP-ID  :  UCRL-ID-142084
RP-ID  :  W-7405-Eng-48
RP-ID  :  792733

美国|英语

来源: UNT Digital Library

【 摘 要 】

By 2050 world population is projected to stabilize near 10 billion. Global economic development will outpace this growth, achieving present European per capita living standards by quintupling the size of the global economy--and increasing energy use, especially electricity, substantially. Even with aggressive efficiency improvements, global electricity use will at least triple to 30 trillion kWh/yr in 2050. Direct use of fuels, with greater potential for efficiency improvement, may be held to 80 trillion kWh (289 EJ) annually, 50% above present levels (IPCC, 1996). Sustaining energy use at these or higher rates, while simultaneously stabilizing atmospheric greenhouse gas levels, will require massive deployment of carbon-conscious energy systems for electricity generation and transportation by the mid 21st Century. These systems will either involve a shift to non-fossil primary energy sources (such as solar, wind, biomass, nuclear, and hydroelectric) or continue to rely on fossil primary energy sources and sequester carbon emissions (Halmann, 1999). Both approaches share the need to convert, transmit, store and deliver energy to end-users through carbonless energy carriers.