Local Food Systems: Concepts, Impacts, and Issues

Stephen Martinez ; Michael S. Hand , Michelle Da Pra , Susan Pollack , Katherine Ralston ; Travis Smith , Stephen Vogel ; Shellye Clark , Luanne Lohr , Sarah A. Low , and Constance Newman

United States Department of Agriculture

关键词: Local food systems;    farmers' markets;    direct-to-consumer marketing;    direct-to-retail/foodservice marketing;    community supported agriculture;    farm to school programs;    Farmers' Market Promotion Program;    food miles;   

RP-ID  :  ERR-97

学科分类：农业科学（综合）

美国|英语

来源: United States Department of Agriculture Publications

【 摘 要 】

This comprehensive overview of local food systems explores alternative definitions of local food, estimates market size and reach, describes the characteristics of local consumers and producers, and examines early indications of the economic and health impacts of local food systems. There is no consensus on a definition of "local" or "local food systems" in terms of the geographic distance between production and consumption. But defining "local" based on marketing arrangements, such as farmers selling directly to consumers at regional farmers' markets or to schools, is well recognized. Statistics suggest that local food markets account for a small, but growing, share of U.S. agricultural production. For smaller farms, direct marketing to consumers accounts for a higher percentage of their sales than for larger farms. Findings are mixed on the impact of local food systems on local economic development and better nutrition levels among consumers, and sparse literature is so far inconclusive about whether localization reduces energy use or greenhouse gas emissions.