This report, written and published in English in 2008, was prepared for the Health and Consumer Protection Commission (DG SANCO) in support of their Impact Assessment of the Patient Safety and Quality Legislative proposal for 2008. It presents our findings of a study in which we assess the expected effects of three policy areas for future action towards improving patient safety in the EU-27. Our study was informed by a mixture of methods, including the existing European and international studies and evaluations on patient safety and related initiatives, as well as primary qualitative data based on 32 key informant interviews with identified experts. The report will allow patient safety experts, DG SANCO, and other interested stakeholders to understand the extent to which it is possible to provide a clear and compelling account of the expected impacts of (1) establishing effective reporting and learning systems, (2) redress mechanisms, and (3) developing and using knowledge and evidence at the EU level.