Effects of Laser Illumination on Operational and Visual Performance of Pilots Conducting Terminal Operations

Nakagawara VB, Montgomery RW, Dillard A, McLin L, Connor CW

FAA Office of Aerospace Medicine - Civil Aerospace Medical Institute

关键词: Lasers;    Eye;    Perception;    Performance;    Pilots;    Vision;   

RP-ID  :  DOT/FAA/AM-03/12

美国|英语

来源: Federal Aviation Administration

【 摘 要 】

Introduction. Several hundred incidents involving the illumination of aircrew members by laser light have been reported in recent years. Consequently, FAA Order 7400.2 was revised to establish new guidelines for Flight Safe Exposure Limits (FSEL) in specific zones of navigable airspace. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of test subjects exposed to laser radiation while performing approach and departure maneuvers in the Critical Flight Zone (CFZ).Methods. Pilot performance was assessed in a Boeing 727-200, Level C, flight simulator using four levels of laser illumination (0, 0.5, 5, and 50 mW/cm2) and three operational maneuvers (takeoff and departure, visual approach, and instrument landing system [ILS] approach). Subjective responses were solicited after each trial and during an exit interview. The pilots were asked to rate on a scale from 1 to 5 (1 = none, 2 = slight, 3 = moderate, 4 = great, and 5 = very great) the affect each laser exposure had on their ability to operate the aircraft and on their visual performance. Average subjective ratings were calculated for each exposure level and flight maneuver, and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed.Results. Thirty-four pilots served as test subjects for this study. Average subjective ratings for operational and visual performance were 1.57 and 1.74, 1.89 and 2.15, 2.43 and 2.76, for the 0.5, 5 (i.e., CFZ), and 50 mW/cm2 laser exposure levels, respectively. ANOVA found a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the subjective ratings for each exposure level. No significant differences were found between the types of flight maneuvers or between the operational and visual performance ratings for a given maneuver or exposure level.Conclusion. The FSEL of 5 mW/cm2 was validated for pilots illuminated by laser light while conducting terminal operations in the CFZ. Familiarization with the aircraft flown and instrument training appeared to improve the pilot�s ability to deal with laser exposure. Laser illumination at a higher level of exposure resulted in an unacceptable number of visual and operational problems. Laser effects may be especially serious for inexperienced or visually susceptible pilots.