LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY ANALYSIS IN THE PRODUCTION OF METALS USED IN PHOTOVOLTAICS.

FTHENAKIS,V.M. ; KIM, H.C. ; WANG, W.

关键词: ALUMINIUM;    BY-PRODUCTS;    CADMIUM;    COPPER;    GALLIUM;    GERMANIUM;    INDIUM;    INVENTORIES;    LIFE CYCLE;    MOLYBDENUM;    PRODUCTION;    SELENIUM;    SOLAR CELLS;    TELLURIUM;    ZINC;   

DOI  :  10.2172/909957
RP-ID  :  BNL--77919-2007
PID  :  OSTI ID: 909957
Others  :  R&D Project: 15040
Others  :  Other: EB2102010
Others  :  TRN: US200723%%299

学科分类：再生能源与代替技术

美国|英语

来源: SciTech Connect

【 摘 要 】

Material flows and emissions in all the stages of production of zinc, copper, aluminum, cadmium, indium, germanium, gallium, selenium, tellurium, and molybdenum were investigated. These metals are used selectively in the manufacture of solar cells, and emission and energy factors in their production are used in the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of photovoltaics. Significant changes have occurred in the production and associated emissions for these metals over the last 10 years, which are not described in the LCA databases. Furthermore, emission and energy factors for several of the by-products of the base metal production were lacking. This report aims in updating the life-cycle inventories associated with the production of the base metals (Zn, Cu, Al, Mo) and in defining the emission and energy allocations for the minor metals (Cd, In, Ge, Se, Te and Ga) used in photovoltaics.