GEOMETRY, HEAT REMOVAL AND KINETICS SCOPING MODELS FOR HYDROGEN STORAGE SYSTEMS

Hardy, B

关键词: CONFIGURATION;    CONVECTION;    COOLANTS;    DESIGN;    DIMENSIONS;    GEOMETRY;    HEAT TRANSFER;    HYDRIDES;    HYDROGEN;    HYDROGEN STORAGE;    KINETICS;    PRESSURE DROP;    REACTION HEAT;    REMOVAL;    THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES;    VIABILITY;   

DOI  :  10.2172/922283
RP-ID  :  WSRC-TR-2007-00439
PID  :  OSTI ID: 922283
Others  :  TRN: US200806%%220

学科分类：再生能源与代替技术

美国|英语

来源: SciTech Connect

【 摘 要 】

It is recognized that detailed models of proposed hydrogen storage systems are essential to gain insight into the complex processes occurring during the charging and discharging processes. Such insight is an invaluable asset for both assessing the viability of a particular system and/or for improving its design. The detailed models, however, require time to develop and run. Clearly, it is much more efficient to begin a modeling effort with a good system design and to progress from that point. To facilitate this approach, it is useful to have simplified models that can quickly estimate optimal loading and discharge kinetics, effective hydrogen capacities, system dimensions and heat removal requirements. Parameters obtained from these models can then be input to the detailed models to obtain an accurate assessment of system performance that includes more complete integration of the physical processes. This report describes three scoping models that assess preliminary system design prior to invoking a more detailed finite element analysis. The three models address the kinetics, the scaling and heat removal parameters of the system, respectively. The kinetics model is used to evaluate the effect of temperature and hydrogen pressure on the loading and discharge kinetics. As part of the kinetics calculations, the model also determines the mass of stored hydrogen per mass of hydride (in a particular reference form). As such, the model can determine the optimal loading and discharge rates for a particular hydride and the maximum achievable loading (over an infinite period of time). The kinetics model developed with the Mathcad{reg_sign} solver, runs in a mater of seconds and can quickly be used to identify the optimal temperature and pressure for either the loading or discharge processes. The geometry scoping model is used to calculate the size of the system, the optimal placement of heat transfer elements, and the gravimetric and volumetric capacities for a particular geometric configuration and hydride. This scoping model is developed in Microsoft Excel{reg_sign} and inputs the mass of hydrogen to be stored, mass of stored hydrogen to mass of hydride (from the kinetics model), component densities, etc. The heat removal scoping model is used to calculate coolant flowrates, pressure drops and temperature increases over the length of the cooling channels. The model also calculates the convection heat transfer coefficient required to remove the heat of reaction associated with hydrogen uptake. The heat removal model inputs dimensions and the mass of hydrogen to be stored directly from the geometry scoping model. Additionally, the model inputs the heats of reaction, the thermal properties of the coolant and the time required to charge the bed.