Combined Grinding and Drying of Biomass in One Operation Phase I

Sokhansanj, S

关键词: AGRICULTURAL WASTES;    ANIMALS;    BAGASSE;    BIOMASS;    CHEMICAL FEEDSTOCKS;    COMMINUTION;    COWS;    DRYING;    ECONOMICS;    ELECTRICITY;    FERTILIZERS;    GRINDING;    MAIZE;    MANURES;    MOISTURE;    RAW MATERIALS;    REMOVAL;    WASTES;    WATER REMOVAL;   

DOI  :  10.2172/939887
RP-ID  :  ORNL03-0681
PID  :  OSTI ID: 939887
Others  :  TRN: US201205%%396

学科分类：燃料技术

美国|英语

来源: SciTech Connect

【 摘 要 】

First American Scientific Corporation (FASC) has developed a unique and innovative grinder/dryer called KDS Micronex. The KS (Kinetic Disintegration System) combines two operations of grinding and drying into a single operation which reduces dependence on external heat input. The machine captures the heat of comminution and combines it will centrifugal forces to expedite moisture extraction from wet biomass. Because it uses mechanical forces rather than providing direct heat to perform the drying operation, it is a simpler machine and uses less energy than conventional grinding and drying operations which occur as two separate steps. The entire compact unit can be transported on a flatbed trailer to the site where biomass is available. Hence, the KDS Micronex is a technology that enables inexpensive pretreatment of waste materials and biomass. A well prepared biomass can be used as feed, fuel or fertilizer instead of being discarded. Electricity and chemical feedstock produced from such biomass would displace the use of fossil fuels and no net greenhouse gas emissions would result from such bio-based operations. Organic fertilizers resulting from the KS Micronex grinding/drying process will be pathogen-free unlike raw animal manures. The feasibility tests on KS during Phase I showed that a prototype machine can be developed, field tested and the technology demonstrated for commercial applications. The present KDS machine can remove up to 400 kg/h of water from a wet feed material. Since biomass processors demand a finished product that is only 10% moist and most raw materials like corn stover, bagasse, layer manure, cow dung, and waste wood have moisture contents of the order of 50%, this water removal rate translates to a production rate of roughly half a ton per hour. this is too small for most processors who are unwilling to acquire multiple machines because of the added complexity to the feed and product removal systems. The economics suffer due to small production rates, because the labor costs are a much larger fraction of the production cost. The goal for further research and development work is to scale up the KDS technology incorporating findings from Phase I into a machine that has superior performance characteristics.