SERDP ER-1421 Abiotic and Biotic Mechanisms Controlling In Situ Remediation of NDMA: Final Report

Szecsody, James E. ; McKinley, James P. ; Crocker, Fiona H. ; Breshears, Andrew T. ; Devary, Brooks J. ; Fredrickson, Herbert L. ; Thompson, Karen T.

关键词: ACETYLENE;    AQUIFERS;    CLAYS;    ENZYMES;    IRON;    IRON SULFIDES;    MAGNETITE;    METHANE;    MINERALIZATION;    PROPANE;    SEDIMENTS;    SIDERITE;    TOLUENE N-nitrosodimethylamine;    NDMA;    groundwater remediation;    in situ reduction;   

DOI  :  10.2172/985590
RP-ID  :  PNNL-18547
PID  :  OSTI ID: 985590
Others  :  Other: 400403209
Others  :  TRN: US201112%%126

美国|英语

来源: SciTech Connect

【 摘 要 】

This laboratory-scale project was initiated to investigate in situ abiotic/biotic mineralization of NDMA. Under iron-reducing conditions, aquifer sediments showed rapid abiotic NDMA degradation to dimethylamine (DMA), nitrate, formate, and finally, CO2. These are the first reported experiments of abiotic NDMA mineralization. The NDMA reactivity of these different iron phases showed that adsorbed ferrous iron was the dominant reactive phase that promoted NDMA reduction, and other ferrous phases present (siderite, iron sulfide, magnetite, structural ferrous iron in 2:1 clays) did not promote NDMA degradation. In contrast, oxic sediments that were biostimulated with propane promoted biomineralization of NDMA by a cometabolic monooxygenase enzyme process. Other monooxygenase enzyme processes were not stimulated with methane or toluene additions, and acetylene addition did not block mineralization. Although NDMA mineralization extent was the highest in oxic, biostimulated sediments (30 to 82%, compared to 10 to 26% for abiotic mineralization in reduced sediments), large 1-D column studies (high sediment/water ratio of aquifers) showed 5.6 times higher NDMA mineralization rates in reduced sediment (half-life 410 Âą 147 h) than oxic biomineralization (half life 2293 Âą 1866 h). Sequential reduced/oxic biostimulated sediment mineralization (half-life 3180 Âą 1094 h) was also inefficient compared to reduced sediment. These promising laboratory-scale results for NDMA mineralization should be investigated at field scale. Future studies of NDMA remediation should focus on the comparison of this in situ abiotic NDMA mineralization (iron-reducing environments) to ex situ biomineralization, which has been shown successful in other studies.