Fresh Water Generation from Aquifer-Pressured Carbon Storage: Annual Report FY09

Wolery, T ; Aines, R ; Hao, Y ; Bourcier, W ; Wolfe, T ; Haussman, C

关键词: AQUIFERS;    BRINES;    CAP ROCK;    CARBON;    CARBON DIOXIDE;    CARBON SEQUESTRATION;    CONTAMINATION;    DESALINATION;    FRACTURING;    FRESH WATER;    GEOCHEMISTRY;    GEOLOGIC SURVEYS;    INTERSTITIAL WATER;    OSMOSIS;    RESERVOIR ENGINEERING;    SEAWATER;    SEISMICITY;    STORAGE;    WATER TREATMENT;   

DOI  :  10.2172/969071
RP-ID  :  LLNL-TR-420857
PID  :  OSTI ID: 969071
Others  :  TRN: US201001%%582

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来源: SciTech Connect

【 摘 要 】

This project is establishing the potential for using brine pressurized by Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) operations in saline formations as the feedstock for desalination and water treatment technologies including reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF). The aquifer pressure resulting from the energy required to inject the carbon dioxide provides all or part of the inlet pressure for the desalination system. Residual brine is reinjected into the formation at net volume reduction, such that the volume of fresh water extracted balances the volume of CO{sub 2} injected into the formation. This process provides additional CO{sub 2} storage capacity in the aquifer, reduces operational risks (cap-rock fracturing, contamination of neighboring fresh water aquifers, and seismicity) by relieving overpressure in the formation, and provides a source of low-cost fresh water to offset costs or operational water needs. This multi-faceted project combines elements of geochemistry, reservoir engineering, and water treatment engineering. The range of saline formation waters is being identified and analyzed. Computer modeling and laboratory-scale experimentation are being used to examine mineral scaling and osmotic pressure limitations. Computer modeling is being used to evaluate processes in the storage aquifer, including the evolution of the pressure field. Water treatment costs are being evaluated by comparing the necessary process facilities to those in common use for seawater RO. There are presently limited brine composition data available for actual CCS sites by the site operators including in the U.S. the seven regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships (CSPs). To work around this, we are building a 'catalog' of compositions representative of 'produced' waters (waters produced in the course of seeking or producing oil and gas), to which we are adding data from actual CCS sites as they become available. Produced waters comprise the most common examples of saline formation waters. Therefore, they are expected to be representative of saline formation waters at actual and potential future CCS sites. We are using a produced waters database (Breit, 2002) covering most of the United States compiled by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). In one instance to date, we have used this database to find a composition corresponding to the brine expected at an actual CCS site (Big Sky CSP, Nugget Formation, Sublette County, Wyoming). We have located other produced waters databases, which are usually of regional scope (e.g., NETL, 2005, Rocky Mountains basins).