Thermodynamically Tuned Nanophase Materials for reversible Hydrogen storage

Ping Liu ; John J. Vajo

关键词: CAPACITY;    DIFFUSION;    ENERGY STORAGE;    ENTHALPY;    ENTROPY;    HYDRIDES;    HYDROGEN;    HYDROGEN STORAGE;    KINETICS;    THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES;    THERMODYNAMICS;    TUNING;   

DOI  :  10.2172/1027504
RP-ID  :  Final/3072TD0H
PID  :  OSTI ID: 1027504
Others  :  TRN: US201123%%319

学科分类：再生能源与代替技术

美国|英语

来源: SciTech Connect

【 摘 要 】

This program was devoted to significantly extending the limits of hydrogen storage technology for practical transportation applications. To meet the hydrogen capacity goals set forth by the DOE, solid-state materials consisting of light elements were developed. Many light element compounds are known that have high capacities. However, most of these materials are thermodynamically too stable, and they release and store hydrogen much too slowly for practical use. In this project we developed new light element chemical systems that have high hydrogen capacities while also having suitable thermodynamic properties. In addition, we developed methods for increasing the rates of hydrogen exchange in these new materials. The program has significantly advanced (1) the application of combined hydride systems for tuning thermodynamic properties and (2) the use of nanoengineering for improving hydrogen exchange. For example, we found that our strategy for thermodynamic tuning allows both entropy and enthalpy to be favorably adjusted. In addition, we demonstrated that using porous supports as scaffolds to confine hydride materials to nanoscale dimensions could improve rates of hydrogen exchange by > 50x. Although a hydrogen storage material meeting the requirements for commercial development was not achieved, this program has provided foundation and direction for future efforts. More broadly, nanoconfinment using scaffolds has application in other energy storage technologies including batteries and supercapacitors. The overall goal of this program was to develop a safe and cost-effective nanostructured light-element hydride material that overcomes the thermodynamic and kinetic barriers to hydrogen reaction and diffusion in current materials and thereby achieve > 6 weight percent hydrogen capacity at temperatures and equilibrium pressures consistent with DOE target values.