EFFECT OF FUEL IMPURITIES ON FUEL CELL PERFORMANCE AND DURABILITY

Colon-Mercado, H.

关键词: AMMONIA;    CARBON MONOXIDE;    CORROSION;    ELECTRICITY;    ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION;    FUEL CELLS;    GASES;    HALOGEN COMPOUNDS;    HYDRIDES;    HYDROCARBONS;    HYDROGEN;    IMPURITIES;    INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS;    MEMBRANES;    OXID;   

DOI  :  10.2172/990340
RP-ID  :  SRNL-STI-2010-00596
PID  :  OSTI ID: 990340
Others  :  TRN: US201020%%527

美国|英语

来源: SciTech Connect

【 摘 要 】

A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device that produces electricity during the combination of hydrogen and oxygen to produce water. Proton exchange membranes fuel cells are favored for portable applications as well as stationary ones due to their high power density, low operating temperature, and low corrosion of components. In real life operation, the use of pure fuel and oxidant gases results in an impractical system. A more realistic and cost efficient approach is the use of air as an oxidant gas and hydrogen from hydrogen carriers (i.e., ammonia, hydrocarbons, hydrides). However, trace impurities arising from different hydrogen sources and production increases the degradation of the fuel cell. These impurities include carbon monoxide, ammonia, sulfur, hydrocarbons, and halogen compounds. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has set maximum limits for trace impurities in the hydrogen stream; however fuel cell data is needed to validate the assumption that at those levels the impurities will cause no degradation. This report summarizes the effect of selected contaminants tested at SRNL at ISO levels. Runs at ISO proposed concentration levels show that model hydrocarbon compound such as tetrahydrofuran can cause serious degradation. However, the degradation is only temporary as when the impurity is removed from the hydrogen stream the performance completely recovers. Other molecules at the ISO concentration levels such as ammonia don't show effects on the fuel cell performance. On the other hand carbon monoxide and perchloroethylene shows major degradation and the system can only be recovered by following recovery procedures.