AIR QUALITY IMPACTS OF LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS IN THE SOUTH COAST AIR BASIN OF CALIFORNIA

Carerras-Sospedra, Marc ; Brouwer, Jack ; Dabdub, Donald ; Lunden, Melissa ; Singer, Brett

关键词: ACCURACY;    AIR QUALITY;    DISTRIBUTION;    GAS FLOW;    INVENTORIES;    LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS;    MIXTURES;    MONITORING;    NITROGEN OXIDES;    OZONE;    PARTICULATES;    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES;    POLLUTANTS;    TARIFFS pollutant emissions;    emissions inventory;    ozone;    particulate matter;    nitrogen oxides;    air quality modeling;   

DOI  :  10.2172/1032528
RP-ID  :  LBNL-4950E
PID  :  OSTI ID: 1032528
Others  :  TRN: US201202%%390

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来源: SciTech Connect

【 摘 要 】

The effects of liquefied natural gas (LNG) on pollutant emission inventories and air quality in the South Coast Air Basin of California were evaluated using recent LNG emission measurements by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the Southern California Gas Company (SoCalGas), and with a state-of-the-art air quality model. Pollutant emissions can be affected by LNG owing to differences in composition and physical properties, including the Wobbe index, a measure of energy delivery rate. This analysis uses LNG distribution scenarios developed by modeling Southern California gas flows, including supplies from the LNG receiving terminal in Baja California, Mexico. Based on these scenarios, the projected penetratino of LNG in the South Coast Air Basin is expected to be limited. In addition, the increased Wobbe index of delivered gas (resulting from mixtures of LNG and conventional gas supplies) is expected to cause increases smaller than 0.05 percent in overall (area-wide) emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx). BAsed on the photochemical state of the South Coast Air Basin, any increase in NOx is expected to cause an increase in the highest local ozone concentrations, and this is reflected in model results. However, the magnitude of the increase is well below the generally accepted accuracy of the model and would not be discernible with the existing monitoring network. Modeling of hypothetical scenarios indicates that discernible changes to ambient ozone and particulate matter concentrations would occur only at LNG distribution rates that are not achievable with current or planned infrastructure and with Wobbe index vlaues that exceed current gas quality tariffs. Results of these hypothetical scenarios are presented for consideration of any proposed substantial expansion of LNG supply infrastructure in Southern California.