Development of a Life Cycle Inventory of Water Consumption Associated with the Production of Transportation Fuels

Lampert, David J.¹  Cai, Hao¹  Wang, Zhichao¹  Keisman, Jennifer¹  Wu, May¹  Han, Jeongwoo¹  Dunn, Jennifer¹  Sullivan, John L.¹  Elgowainy, Amgad¹  Wang, Michael¹  Keisman, Jennifer² 

[1] Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States);American Association for the Advancemetn of Science (AAAS), Washington, DC (United States)

关键词: energy-water nexus;    life cycle analysis;   

DOI  :  10.2172/1224980
RP-ID  :  ANL/ESD--15/27
PID  :  OSTI ID: 1224980
Others  :  Other: 121551

美国|英语

来源: SciTech Connect

【 摘 要 】

The production of all forms of energy consumes water. To meet increased energy demands, it is essential to quantify the amount of water consumed in the production of different forms of energy. By analyzing the water consumed in different technologies, it is possible to identify areas for improvement in water conservation and reduce water stress in energy-producing regions. The transportation sector is a major consumer of energy in the United States. Because of the relationships between water and energy, the sustainability of transportation is tied to management of water resources. Assessment of water consumption throughout the life cycle of a fuel is necessary to understand its water resource implications. To perform a comparative life cycle assessment of transportation fuels, it is necessary first to develop an inventory of the water consumed in each process in each production supply chain. The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) model is an analytical tool that can used to estimate the full life-cycle environmental impacts of various transportation fuel pathways from wells to wheels. GREET is currently being expanded to include water consumption as a sustainability metric. The purpose of this report was to document data sources and methodologies to estimate water consumption factors (WCF) for the various transportation fuel pathways in GREET. WCFs reflect the quantity of freshwater directly consumed per unit production for various production processes in GREET. These factors do not include consumption of precipitation or low-quality water (e.g., seawater) and reflect only water that is consumed (i.e., not returned to the source from which it was withdrawn). The data in the report can be combined with GREET to compare the life cycle water consumption for different transportation fuels.