Supervisory Control of Loads and Energy Storage in Next-Generation Zero Energy Buildings

Kung, Feitau¹  Frank, Stephen¹  Scheib, Jennifer¹  Bernal Heredia, Willy¹  Pless, Shanti¹ 

[1] National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

关键词: zero energy building;    supervisory control;    controller;    energy storage;    whole-building energy model;    simulation;   

DOI  :  10.2172/1325932
RP-ID  :  NREL/TP--5500-67007
PID  :  OSTI ID: 1325932

学科分类：能源（综合）

美国|英语

来源: SciTech Connect

【 摘 要 】

A zero energy building (ZEB)???also known as a net zero energy or zero net energy building???is a building that exports as much renewable energy as the total energy it imports from other sources on an annual basis (DOE 2015). Large-scale and commercially viable ZEBs are now in the marketplace, and they are expected to become a larger share of the commercial building footprint as government and private sector policies continue to promote the development of buildings that produce more on-site energy than they use. However, the load profiles of ZEBs are currently perceived by electric utilities to be unfavorable and unpredictable. As shown in Figure ES-1, ZEB load profiles can have abrupt changes in magnitude, at times switching rapidly between exporting and importing electricity. This is a challenge for utilities, which are responsible for constantly balancing electricity supply and demand across the grid. Addressing these concerns will require new strategies and tools.