Climate change adaptation of smallholder farmers in South Asia: Potential strategies for agricultural transformation

International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management

卷:18

cat-PPEM_cat-EISS_cat-CCNG

Md Nazirul Islam Sarker¹  GM Monirul Alam²  Md Abdullah Al Mamun^3,4,5  Isahaque Ali⁶ 

[1] School of Public Administration, Xi’an University of Finance and Economics, Xi’an, China, and Miyan Research Institute, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh

[2] Department of Humanitarian and Development Studies, School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia

[3] CRSF Research, Department of Folklore and Social Development Studies, Faculty of Social Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh and Department of Economics, School of Business, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia

[4] Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Gazipur Agricultural University (GAU), Gazipur, Bangladesh, and Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia

[5] Department of Geography and Urban Planning, School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia

[6] Department of Development Studies, Pundra University of Science and Technology, Bogura, Bangladesh

关键词: Climate change mitigation;    Adaptation;    Agricultural vulnerability;    Resilience;    Adaptive transformation;    Climate-smart agriculture;   

DOI  :  10.1108/IJCCSM-09-2025-0342

 received in 2025-09-25, accepted in 2026-04-25,  发布年份 2026

来源: Emerald

【 摘 要 】

Purpose Climate change significantly increases the vulnerability of agriculture in South Asia. This has led to decreased agricultural yields, resulting in lower incomes, heightened food insecurity and increased poverty levels. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the current climate change adaptation measures used by hazard-prone farming communities in South Asia. Design/methodology/approach The most relevant documents from the Web of Science and Scopus databases were retrieved using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Findings Across the reviewed literature, South Asian smallholder farmers are reported to face recurrent climate hazards – particularly floods, drought/heat stress, riverbank erosion and pest/disease outbreaks – that shape the adaptation priorities described in empirical studies. The reported adaptation responses cluster into six domains: livelihood diversification, agricultural diversification, risk management, land and crop management, farm and income management and conservation practices. Overall, the reviewed evidence most frequently reports agronomic and risk-oriented adjustments, whereas conservation-oriented and ecosystem-based practices are less frequently reported, often in contexts constrained by credit, information, infrastructure and institutional support. Research limitations/implications Future research should concentrate on a specific South Asian region using primary data. In addition, adaptation strategies may vary because of demographic characteristics. This study could not highlight the influence of demographic characteristics on adaptation strategies because of its specific focus. Future studies should consider the influence of demographic attributes such as land size, household size, gender, education level and membership in farmer associations, training in agricultural production, access to extension services and the use of improved varieties of adaptation strategies by South Asian farmers. Furthermore, future studies should focus on the negative effects of technology-assisted adaptation techniques, traditional and local knowledge, livelihood variety, government and organization aid, food and water security, social and recreational activities and physical infrastructure. Originality/value Prior systematic reviews of adaptation strategies among South Asian farmers have lacked transparency regarding their review processes. This has made it challenging for subsequent researchers to replicate studies, verify interpretations or evaluate their thoroughness. This study aims to address this gap by clearly outlining our review methodology.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© 2026 Md Nazirul Islam Sarker, GM Monirul Alam, Md Abdullah Al Mamun and Isahaque Ali.

【 图 表 】

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Figure 6. Lineage tracing to follow murine blood vessel organoid (mBVO) differentiation.

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Fig. 3 Effect of BV maintenance on PFS stratified by pre-ASCT metabolic response.

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