Robust load frequency control with honeypot-based compensation and AETM under FDI attacks

Scientific Reports

卷:16

Article

ChuanCai Chen¹  Hao Wu¹  Shijie Li²  Tingwen Yu¹  Haiguang Chen¹ 

[1] China Southern Power Grid Digital Network Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

[2] China Southern Power Grid Company Limited, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

关键词: Load frequency control;    False data injection;    Honeypot;    Adaptive event-triggering mechanism;    Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals;   

DOI  :  10.1038/s41598-026-58211-9

 received in 2026-04-02, accepted in 2026-06-12,  发布年份 2026

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

This paper investigates the load frequency control (LFC) problem of power systems under actuator-side false data injection (FDI) attacks. First, an FDI-aware LFC model is developed to describe corruption in the control input channel. Subsequently, an adaptive event-triggered mechanism (AETM) is introduced to improve communication efficiency, and transmission lag is incorporated into the closed-loop model. Furthermore, a honeypot-gated adaptive compensation mechanism is proposed, where the honeypot detection flag activates the compensation channel and the estimated attack signal reduces the effective malicious component entering the actuator. Based on Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals, sufficient LMI-based conditions are derived for stability analysis and controller synthesis with \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$H_{\infty }$$\end{document} performance. Finally, simulation results under different attack scenarios show that the proposed method attenuates FDI-induced frequency regulation errors and reduces unnecessary event-triggered transmissions.

【 授权许可】

CC BY-NC-ND   
© The Author(s) 2026

【 图 表 】

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