Comparison of Alignment Efficiency, Arch Dimensional Changes, and Passive Extraction Space Closure Between Self-Ligating and Conventional Brackets in Extraction Crowding Patients: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial

International Journal of Dentistry

卷:2026

Research Article

Marium Jamil¹  Fareeha Bokhari¹  Ayesha Hammad²  Hassaan Saeed¹  Maliha Mumtaz³  Muhammad Abdullah Kamran⁴  Ali Alqerban⁵  Umar Hussain⁶  Ferdous Bukhary⁷  Asif Rehman⁸ 

[1] Orthodontics Division, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, kku.edu.sa

[2] Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia, psau.edu.sa

[3] Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, dau.edu.sa

[4] Bath Spa University, Bath, UK, bathspa.ac.uk

[5] Saidu College of Dentistry, Swat, Minogra, Pakistan

[6] University College of Dentistry, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan, uol.edu.pk

[7] Bashir Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan

[8] Locum Specialist Consultant Orthodontist, Russels Hall Hospital, Dudley, UK

关键词: alignment;    intercanine width;    intermolar width;    passive extraction space;    self-ligating brackets;   

DOI  :  10.1155/ijod/4061065

 received in 2026-04-24, accepted in 2026-08-01,  发布年份 2026

来源: Hindawi Publishing Corporation

【 摘 要 】

ObjectiveTo compare the alignment efficiency, arch dimensional changes, and passive extraction space closure between between self-ligating brackets (SLBs) and conventional brackets (CBs).Materials and MethodsThis randomized controlled trial on 70 participants (13–30 years) with moderate to severe crowding, skeletal Class I or mild to moderate Class II malocclusions, all requiring premolar extractions, who were randomly assigned to CB (n = 35) or SLB (n = 35) groups. Baseline age, gender, crowding, and malocclusion type were recorded. Standardized 0.022-inch MBT brackets were bonded, with alignment started using 0.014-inch nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires and monthly follow-ups. Outcomes—Little’s Irregularity Index, intercanine and intermolar widths, and passive extraction space closure—were measured on blinded casts at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months using digital calipers, with no active space-closing auxiliaries. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models with repeated measures and covariates; regression coefficients with 95% CIs were reported, and p≤0.05 was considered significant.ResultsOver the 9-month observation period, both groups showed substantial improvement in alignment. SLBs demonstrated faster early alignment, with greater reductions in Little’s Irregularity Index at 3 months in both arches (maxilla: β = −0.91, p <0.001; mandible: β = −0.60, p=0.009), and in the maxilla at 6 months (β = −0.66, p=0.005). Intercanine width increased in both groups, but expansion was consistently smaller with SLBs (β = −1.36 to −1.69 mm; all p <0.001). In contrast, intermolar width was greater with SLBs throughout follow-up in both arches (maxilla: β = 2.34–2.77 mm; mandible: β = 2.06–2.34 mm; all p <0.001). Passive extraction space closure decreased significantly over time in both groups, with no significant effect of bracket type.ConclusionSLBs showed smaller increases in intercanine width, greater intermolar expansion, and faster early alignment. However, passive space closure was similar between groups. Differences were modest and may have limited clinical significance.Trial Registration: Retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT07503314)

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
Copyright © 2026 Marium Jamil et al. International Journal of Dentistry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2026

【 图 表 】

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