In vitro evidence of the structural optimization of the human skeletal bones

JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS

卷:48

Article

Cristofolini, Luca

关键词: Robust optimization;    Shape and function;    Evolution;    Bone strength;    Robustness;    Functional adaptation;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.12.010

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Optimization can be seen in a number of human skeletal bones. While there is strong evidence concerning the mechanism at the tissue-level for bone adaptation to the applied loads, the structural optimization at the organ-level is somewhat less clear. This paper reviews the evidence, mainly based on in vitro testing, but also from anatomical and biomechanical considerations, concerning the shapefunction relationship in some exemplar cases. The proximal femur is robustly optimized to resist a force applied in a range of directions during daily life, but also to absorb a large amount of energy if an impact is delivered on the greater trochanter during a sideways fall. The diaphysis of the tibia is shaped so as to act as a uniform-stress structure (i.e. structurally efficient) when loaded by a bending moment in the sagittal plane, such as during locomotion. The body of the thoraco-lumbar vertebrae is optimized to resist to a load applied strictly in an axial direction. The result of this review suggests that the structure of bones derives from a combination of local stimulus-driven tissue-level adaptation within the subject, and organ-level generational evolution. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

Free