Cognitive reactivity, self-depressed associations, and the recurrence of depression

JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS

卷:183

Article

Elgersma, Hermien J.¹  de Jong, Peter J.¹  van Rijsbergen, Gerard D.¹  Kok, Gemma D.¹  Burger, Huibert²  van der Does, Willem^3,4  Penninx, Brenda W. J. H.⁵  Bockting, Claudi L. H.^1,6 

[1] Univ Groningen, Dept Clin Psychol, NL-9712 TS Groningen, Netherlands

[2] Univ Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Dept Gen Practice, NL-9712 TS Groningen, Netherlands

[3] Leiden Univ, Inst Psychol, Leiden, Netherlands

[4] Leiden Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Leiden, Netherlands

[5] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Med Ctr, EMGO Inst Hlth & Care Res, Dept Psychiat, Amsterdam, Netherlands

[6] Univ Utrecht, Dept Clin & Hlth Psychol, Utrecht, Netherlands

关键词: Cognitive reactivity;    Implicit self-association;    Depression;    Remitted;    Recurrence;    Vulnerability;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.018

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Background: Mixed evidence exists regarding the role of cognitive reactivity (CR; cognitive responsivity to a negative mood) as a risk factor for recurrences of depression. One explanation for the mixed evidence may lie in the number of previous depressive episodes. Heightened CR may be especially relevant as a risk factor for the development of multiple depressive episodes and less so for a single depressive episode. In addition, it is theoretically plausible but not yet tested that the relationship between CR and number of episodes is moderated by the strength of automatic depression-related self-associations. Aim: To investigate (i) the strength of CR in remitted depressed individuals with a history of a single vs. multiple episodes, and (ii) the potentially moderating role of automatic negative self-associations in the relationship between the number of episodes and CR. Method: Cross-sectional analysis of data obtained in a cohort study (Study 1) and during baseline assessments in two clinical trials (Study 2). Study 1 used data from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) and compared never-depressed participants (n=901) with remitted participants with either a single (n=336) or at least 2 previous episodes (n=273). Study 2 included only remitted participants with at least two previous episodes (n=273). The Leiden Index of Depression Sensitivity Revised (LEIDS-R) was used to index CR and an Implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure implicit self-associations. Results: In Study 1, remitted depressed participants with multiple episodes had significantly higher CR than those with a single or no previous episode. The remitted individuals with multiple episodes of Study 2 had even higher CR scores than those of Study 1. Within the group of individuals with multiple episodes, CR was not heightened as a function of the number of episodes, even if individual differences in automatic negative sell associations were taken into account. Limitations: The study employed a cross-sectional design, which precludes a firm conclusion with regard to the direction of this relationship. Conclusions: The findings are consistent with the view that high CR puts people at risk for recurrent depression and is less relevant for the development of an incidental depressive episode. This suggests that CR is an important target for interventions that aim to prevent the recurrence of depression. (C) 2015 Elsevier By. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

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