Removal of natural organic matter by titanium tetrachloride: The effect of total hardness and ionic strength

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

卷:134

Article

Zhao, Y. X.¹  Shon, H. K.²  Phuntsho, S.²  Gao, B. Y.¹ 

[1] Shandong Univ, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Shandong Key Lab Water Pollut Control & Resource, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China

[2] UTS, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Ctr Technol Water & Wastewater, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia

关键词: Coagulation-flocculation;    Titanium tetrachloride;    Total hardness;    Ionic strength;    Membrane fouling;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.002

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

This study is the first attempt to investigate the effect of total hardness and ionic strength on coagulation performance and the floc characteristics of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). Membrane fouling under different total hardness and ionic strength conditions was also evaluated during a coagulation ultrafiltration (C-UF) hybrid process. Coagulation experiments were performed with two simulated waters, using humic acid (HA, high molecular weight) and fulvic acid (FA, relatively low molecular weight), respectively, as model natural organic matter (NOM). Results show that both particle and organic matter removal can be enhanced by increasing total hardness and ionic strength. Floc characteristics were significantly influenced by total hardness and ionic strength and were improved in terms of floc size, growth rate, strength, recoverability and compactness. The results of the UF tests show that the pre-coagulation with TiCl4 significantly improves the membrane permeate fluxes. Under different total hardness and ionic strength conditions, the membrane permeate flux varied according to both NOM and floc characteristics. The increase in total hardness and ionic strength improved the membrane permeate flux in the case of HA simulated water treatment. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

【 授权许可】

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