Kazakhstan's CO2 emissions in the post-Kyoto Protocol era: Production- and consumption-based analysis

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

卷:249

Article

Wang, Xingyu^1,2  Zheng, Heran²  Wang, Zhenyu³  Shan, Yuli⁴  Meng, Jing⁵  Liang, Xi⁶  Feng, Kuishuang⁷  Guan, Dabo^2,8 

[1] Univ Int Business & Econ, Sch Int Trade & Econ, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China

[2] Univ East Anglia, Water Secur Res Ctr, Sch Int Dev, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England

[3] Shanghai Univ Finance & Econ, Sch Urban & Reg Sci, Inst Finance & Econ Res, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China

[4] Univ Groningen, Ctr Energy & Environm Sci, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands

[5] UCL, Bartlett Sch Construct & Project Management, London WC1E 7HB, England

[6] Univ Edinburgh, Business Sch, 29 Buccleuch Pl, Edinburgh EH8 9JS, Midlothian, Scotland

[7] Shandong Univ, Inst Blue & Green Dev, Weihai 264209, Peoples R China

[8] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China

关键词: CO2 emissions;    Kazakhstan;    Emission inventory;    Production-based;    Consumption-based;    Multi-regional input-output analysis;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109393

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

The first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol came to an end in 2012 and more developing countries began to participate in the new phase of world carbon emission reduction. Kazakhstan is an important energy export country and a pivot of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Despite its emissions are relatively small compared with huge emitters such as China and the US, Kazakhstan also faces great pressure in terms of CO2 emission reduction and green development. Accurately accounting CO2 emissions in Kazakhstan from both production and consumption perspectives is the first step for further emissions control actions. This paper constructs production-based CO2 emission inventories for Kazakhstan from 2012 to 2016, and then further analyses the demand-driven emissions within the domestic market and international trade (exports and imports) using environmentally extended input-output analysis. The production-based inventory includes 43 energy products and 30 sectors to provide detailed data for CO2 emissions in Kazakhstan. The consumption-based accounting results showed that certain sectors like construction drive more emissions and that the fuel consumption in different sectors varies. Furthermore, Russia and China are major consumers of Kazakhstan's energy and associated emissions, with the construction sector playing the most important role in it. The results suggested that both technology and policy actions should be taken into account to reduce CO2 emissions and that the BRI is also a good chance for Kazakhstan to develop a Green Economy.

【 授权许可】

Free