Irrigated greywater in an urban sub-division as a potential source of metals to soil, groundwater and surface water

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

卷:183

Article

Turner, Ryan D. R.^1,2,4  Warne, Michael St. J.^1,3,4,5  Dawes, Les A.²  Vardy, Suzanne^1,4  Will, Geoffrey D.² 

[1] State Queensland, Water Qual & Invest, Environm Monitoring & Assessment Sci, Sci Div,Dept Sci Informat Technol & Innovat, Dutton Pk, Qld, Australia

[2] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Phys & Chem Sci, Brisbane, Qld, Australia

[3] Univ Queensland, Natl Res Ctr Environm Toxicol, Robertson, Qld, Australia

[4] Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Nathan, Qld, Australia

[5] Coventry Univ, Ctr Agroecol Water & Resilience, Coventry, W Midlands, England

关键词: Greywater;    Groundwater;    Irrigation;    Metals;    Soil;    Water reuse;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.09.021

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Increased water demands in dry countries such as Australia, have led to increased adoption of various water reuse practices. Irrigation of greywater (all water discharged from the bathrooms, laundry and kitchen apart from toilet waste) is seen as a potential means of easing water demands; however, there is limited knowledge of how greywater irrigation impacts terrestrial and aquatic environments. This study compared four greywater irrigated residential lots to, adjacent non-irrigated lots that acted as controls. Accumulation and potential impacts of metals in soil, groundwater and surface water, as a result of greywater irrigation, were assessed by comparing measured concentrations to national and international guidelines. Greywater increased concentrations of some metals in irrigated soil and resulted in As, B, Cr and Cu exceeding guidelines after only four years of irrigation. Movement of metals from the irrigation areas resulted in metal concentrations in groundwater (Al, As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) and surface water (Cu, Fe and Zn) exceeding environmental quality guidelines again within four years. These results are unlikely to be universally applicable but indicate the need to consider metals in greywater in order to minimize potential adverse environmental effects from greywater irrigation. Crown Copyright (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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