Size-separated particle fractions of stainless steel welding fume particles - A multi-analytical characterization focusing on surface oxide speciation and release of hexavalent chromium

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

卷:342

Article

Mei, N.¹  Belleville, L.¹  Cha, Y.²  Olofsson, U.²  Wallinder, I. Odnevall¹  Persson, K. -A.³  Hedberg, Y. S.¹ 

[1] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Sch Chem Sci & Engn, Dept Chem, Div Surface & Corros Sci, Drottning Kristinas Vag 51, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden

[2] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Sch Ind Engn & Management, Dept Machine Design, Brinellvagen 83, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden

[3] Swerea KIMAB, Box 7047, SE-16407 Kista, Sweden

关键词: Manganese;    Chromium(VI);    Nickel;    Welding;    Flux-cored wire;   

DOI  :  10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.070

来源: Elsevier

【 摘 要 】

Welding fume of stainless steels is potentially health hazardous. The aim of this study was to investigate the manganese (Mn) and chromium (Cr) speciation of welding fume particles and their extent of metal release relevant for an inhalation scenario, as a function of particle size, welding method (manual metal arc welding, metal arc welding using an active shielding gas), different electrodes (solid wires and flux-cored wires) and shielding gases, and base alloy (austenitic AISI 304L and duplex stainless steel LDX2101). Metal release investigations were performed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.3, 37 degrees, 24h. The particles were characterized by means of microscopic, spectroscopic, and electroanalytical methods. Cr was predominantly released from particles of the welding fume when exposed in PBS [3-96% of the total amount of Cr, of which up to 70% as Cr(VI)], followed by Mn, nickel, and iron. Duplex stainless steel welded with a flux-cored wire generated a welding fume that released most Cr(VI). Nano-sized particles released a significantly higher amount of nickel compared with micron-sized particle fractions. The welding fume did not contain any solitary known chromate compounds, but multi-elemental highly oxidized oxide(s) (iron, Cr, and Mn, possibly bismuth and silicon). (C) 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

【 授权许可】

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